OCD

Obsessive Compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent, chronic, and enduring mental health condition characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts ("obsessions") and behaviours ("compulsions") that an individual feels compelled to repeat. These symptoms can significantly interfere with daily activities, including work, school, and personal relationships.

Symptoms of OCD

People with OCD may experience obsessions, compulsions, or a combination of both.

Obsessions

Obsessions are intrusive thoughts, urges, or mental images that cause anxiety. Common obsessions include:

  • Fear of Germs or Contamination: An intense worry about getting infected or catching a disease.

  • Unwanted Forbidden or Taboo Thoughts: Disturbing thoughts involving sex, religion, or harm.

  • Aggressive Thoughts: Fears of harming others or oneself, despite having no intention to do so.

  • Need for Symmetry or Order: An urge to have things arranged in a particular, precise way.

Compulsions

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed in response to obsessive thoughts. Common compulsions include:

  • Excessive Cleaning and Handwashing: Repeatedly cleaning or washing to reduce contamination fears.

  • Ordering and Arranging: Ensuring items are perfectly ordered or symmetrical.

  • Checking: Frequently verifying that doors are locked, appliances are turned off, etc.

  • Compulsive Counting: Repeatedly counting objects or actions to feel safe.

Differentiating Between Habits and Compulsions

Not all repeated behaviours are compulsions. Individuals with OCD typically:

  • Lack Control: Cannot control their thoughts or behaviours, even when recognizing them as excessive.

  • Spend Significant Time: Devote at least one hour per day to these thoughts or behaviours.

  • Feel Little Pleasure: Do not derive pleasure from these actions, though they may experience temporary relief from anxiety.

  • Face Daily Disruptions: Encounter significant problems in their daily lives due to these thoughts or behaviors.

OCD and Tic Disorders

Some individuals with OCD also experience tic disorders. Motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements like eye blinking, facial grimacing, or shoulder jerking. Vocal tics may include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds.

Symptom Variability

Symptoms of OCD can fluctuate, easing over time or worsening. People with OCD might avoid triggering situations or use alcohol or drugs to calm themselves. While most adults recognize their behaviors are irrational, children and some adults may not.

Seeking Help

If you suspect you have OCD, it's crucial to talk to your healthcare provider. Untreated OCD can severely impact all life aspects.

Common Obsessions

  • Health-Related Worries: Fear of catching diseases or infections.

  • Order and Safety: Feeling the need to do things in a specific order or number of times to reduce anxiety.

  • Inappropriate Actions: Fear of acting inappropriately or harming others or oneself.

  • Unwanted Sexual Thoughts: Distressing sexual thoughts or images that do not align with one's intentions.

Treatment and Support

OCD is unlikely to improve without treatment. Professional help can manage symptoms and improve quality of life. If you or someone you know shows signs of OCD:

  • Consult a GP: Your general practitioner can refer you to local psychological support services.

  • Understand the Impact: Recognize if OCD thoughts or behaviours are disrupting daily routines and quality of life.

Early intervention and proper support are essential for managing OCD effectively.

Helpful links